Scholars think that Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, who governed the Inca Empire from 1438 to 1471, began constructing Machu Picchu around 1450 AD. This is almost a millennium after the fall of the Roman Empire and less than a century before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in Peru.
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Persians were also recognised as innovators in the fields of refrigeration, cooling, and ventilation.